An Examination of the Effectiveness Literature 1. CITE Journal. Within the social studies, technology has served a dual role as an important instructional tool that may have a significant effect on the global, political, social, and economic functioning of American society. As both a method of instruction and a topic of instruction, the impact of computers and technology on social studies is immense. However, the extent to which this potential is being fully realized in the social studies classroom has not been sufficiently explored. Technology based learning has the potential to facilitate development of students decision making and problem solving skills, data processing skills, and communication capabilities. Through the computer, students may gain access to expansive knowledge links and broaden their exposure to diverse people and perspectives hence, affording students the opportunity to become active participants in an increasingly global and interactive world. The technological shift in society has occurred very rapidly, and the field of education is attempting to keep up the pace. Recent advances now allow computer technology to serve many more functions for the social studies classroom than merely accessing information through the Internet Berson, 1. Vb-nAyyLP0/VEmDdD3xlDI/AAAAAAAAAGU/1YFIvKK2u84/s1600/buton.png' alt='Simcity 5 Serial Key No Survey' title='Simcity 5 Serial Key No Survey' />Diem 2. Mason et al., 2. For educators to fully take advantage of the technology available, the technology must be infused more into daily instruction and not used as a mere appendage during one or two lessons Berson, 1. Yet, articles continually appear that merely list a wealth of Internet sites with little guidance on how the busy teacher can incorporate these resources into a lesson or project. Typically, educators rely on inservice trainings, state and national conferences, and educational newsletters andor journals to receive updates on the latest uses of technology in the social studies classrooms. In an effort to determine just how far the field has come and to assess the trends and patterns of use of technology in the social studies over the past five years, this article will a examine the general trends in the National Council for Social Studies NCSS publications and over 3. Methods. This research examines the literature on the effectiveness of computers in social studies instruction and learning and assesses the trends and patterns of technology use in the social studies over the past five years. The articles were drawn from extensive searches of primary sources located in educational journals, ERIC databases, and related educational research websites. The study is two fold, in that it began as a review of articles found only in the three NCSS publications Social Education, Social Studies and the Young Learner, and Theory Research in the Social Studies. Further searches were conducted and the exhaustive search resulted in locating a total of 3. Spring 1. 99. 6 Fall 2. Part I of the study reviewed the technology related articles from the NCSS publications. The complete inverse of Product Placement, Defictionalization is the transformation of a product or object from a movie, book or other fictional source into. NCSS currently publishes three journals Social Education, Social Studies and the Young Learner, and Theory Research in the Social Studies. Each journal addresses issues for a particular readership. Social Education publishes theoretical content and practical ideas for classroom use, including techniques and lesson plans, discussions of instructional technology, reviews of educational media, and research NCSS, 2. Social Studies and the Young Learner is intended specifically for K 6 teachers and addresses creative teaching activities, techniques designed to stimulate the reading, writing, and critical thinking skills NCSS, 2. Theory Research in the Social Studies publishes research based articles that address teacher training, learning theory and child development research, models and theories used in developing social studies curricula, and schemes for student participation and social action NCSS, 2. An analysis of the literature of all three NCSS publications was conducted for the period of Spring 1. Digital rights management DRM is a set of access control technologies for restricting the use of proprietary hardware and copyrighted works. DRM technologies try to. No Mans Skys vast universe was part of its initial appeal. You would go from planet to planet, completely alone, discovering and naming things along the way. Fall of 2. 00. 1. All articles pertaining to technology and the social studies were compiled. Initially, the articles were reviewed to find distinctive content themes across the literature. The themes were used to develop an Analysis Key. Eight major themes emerged from the initial literature review. The Analysis Key is based on the following eight broad based themes a Internet Resources, b Webquest Resources, c Software Overview, d Telecollaboration Overviews, e Technology Webtools, f Technology OverviewsHistory in Social Studies, g Technology in Higher Education, and h Technology in the Social Studies Research. Each theme was then broken down further to cover specific topics within each broad category. See Table 1 for inclusion criteria for each theme. Each technology related article was then further re analyzed and coded according to its specific content as it corresponded to the Analysis Key. C300&ssl=1' alt='Simcity 5 Serial Key No Survey' title='Simcity 5 Serial Key No Survey' />All articles were entered into a spreadsheet by year and code. Part II, was a review of 3. Spring 1. 99. 6 to Fall 2. The 3. 25 article data set includes the NCSS publications, therefore, is more representative of the current field and broader readership. The Analysis Key developed in Part I was used to code articles in Part II. An additional theme was added 9 Government Reports and under 6 Technology OverviewsHistory in Social Studies a more specific category was added Technology in the Social Studies Methods Texts. See Table 1 for inclusion criteria for each theme. Note A copy of the entire list of 3. Part I Analysis of NCSS Literature. Gran Turismo 5 Psp Save Game Ps3 Us. In 1. 99. 6, Social Education began to publish a regular featured column on technology Risinger, 1. The goal of this featured column was to guide educators in locating and utilizing World Wide Web WWW or Web resources. Reinforcing the importance of the Web to the social studies, Johnson and Rector 1. American citizens lives. They also reveal that over the past 2. NCSS journals published few articles pertaining to technology in the social studies. Since then, the Internet or the Web has perhaps become the most widely used new computer based technological resource in the classroom. Has the field of social studies yet to tap into the variety of other types of technological developments that are now availableThere remains a need for more work on both empirical and qualitative research, instructional material, and national technology related standards Berson, 1. Diem, 2. 00. 0 Mason et al., 2. Martorella, 1. 99. In 1. 99. 7 Martorella compellingly alerted the readership of a need to initiate more dialogue on technology in the social studies. Since then, a series of articles have been published that list and review reputable websites that may be used by teachers and students to access information on a variety of social studies related topics. Additional publications have emerged that address specific uses of websites in the classroom and concerns of Internet usage by students. A modest expansion of literature on the topic is apparent however, it appears as though many articles continue to revolve around resources on the Internet. In 1. 99. 7, Rose and Fernlunds article expanded beyond a list of resources and provided a series of questions to guide educators decision making regarding the use of technology in their classrooms. Rose and Fernlund encouraged the use of technology in the social studies by noting, major improvements have taken place in both hardware and software p.